Training compute growth
Maximum disclosed training compute per year on a log10(FLOP) scale. Missing values remain absent; the current year is incomplete.
Training compute growth
Total 468 · Page 4/19 · Observed 9/25/2026, 3:30:45 AM
| Name | Group | Reported value | Date | Notes | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DBRX | Databricks | 2,600,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 FLOP | 2024-03-27 | Open weights (restricted use) | Source ↗ |
| GPT-3.5 (davinci-002) | OpenAI | 2,578,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 FLOP | 2022-03-15 | API access | Source ↗ |
| Flan-PaLM 540B | 2,540,000,000,001,000,000,000,000 FLOP | 2022-10-20 | Unreleased | Source ↗ | |
| U-PaLM (540B) | 2,530,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 FLOP | 2022-10-20 | Unreleased | Source ↗ | |
| PaLM (540B) | Google Research | 2,527,200,000,000,000,000,000,000 FLOP | 2022-04-04 | Unreleased | Source ↗ |
| DeepSeek-V4-Flash | DeepSeek | 2,496,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 FLOP | 2026-04-24 | Open weights (unrestricted) | Source ↗ |
| Llama 4 Maverick | Meta AI | 2,244,000,000,001,000,000,000,000 FLOP | 2025-04-05 | Open weights (restricted use) | Source ↗ |
| FLAN 137B | Google Research | 2,047,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 FLOP | 2021-09-03 | Unreleased | Source ↗ |
| Inkling | Thinking Machines | 1,845,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 FLOP | 2026-07-15 | Open weights (unrestricted) | Source ↗ |
| A.X K2 | SK Telecom | 1,800,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 FLOP | 2026-07-29 | Open weights (unrestricted) | Source ↗ |
| Yi-Large | 01.AI | 1,800,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 FLOP | 2024-05-13 | API access | — |
| DeepSeek-V2.5 | DeepSeek | 1,789,200,000,000,000,000,000,000 FLOP | 2024-09-06 | Open weights (restricted use) | Source ↗ |
| Movie Gen Video | Meta AI | 1,650,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 FLOP | 2024-10-04 | Unreleased | Source ↗ |
| Qwen3-Coder-480B-A35B | Alibaba | 1,575,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 FLOP | 2025-07-22 | Open weights (unrestricted) | Source ↗ |
| K-EXAONE | LG AI Research | 1,520,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 FLOP | 2025-12-31 | Open weights (restricted use) | Source ↗ |
| Yi-Lightning | 01.AI | 1,500,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 FLOP | 2024-10-16 | API access | Source ↗ |
| Solar Open 100B | Upstage | 1,400,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 FLOP | 2025-12-31 | Open weights (restricted use) | Source ↗ |
| Seed1.5-VL | ByteDance | 1,388,556,000,000,000,000,000,000 FLOP | 2025-05-11 | API access | Source ↗ |
| Qwen1.5-72B | Alibaba | 1,300,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 FLOP | 2024-02-04 | Open weights (restricted use) | Source ↗ |
| Qwen-72B | Alibaba | 1,300,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 FLOP | 2023-11-30 | Open weights (restricted use) | Source ↗ |
| DeepSeek-Coder-V2 236B | DeepSeek | 1,285,200,000,000,000,000,000,000 FLOP | 2024-06-17 | Open weights (restricted use) | Source ↗ |
| EXAONE Deep 32B | LG AI Research | 1,260,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 FLOP | 2025-03-16 | Open weights (non-commercial) | Source ↗ |
| EXAONE 3.5 32B | LG AI Research | 1,250,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 FLOP | 2024-12-09 | Open weights (non-commercial) | Source ↗ |
| Motif-3 | Motif Technologies | 1,100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 FLOP | 2026-08-07 | Open weights (unrestricted) | Source ↗ |
| Olmo 3 | Allen Institute for AI | 1,100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 FLOP | 2025-11-20 | Open weights (unrestricted) | Source ↗ |
Data: Epoch AI · CC BY · View source · Automatically synced; not an exhaustive global sample